Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Stockman Bank of Montana: ranching roots and a statewide property-lending franchise
A family-owned Montana bank combines agricultural relationships with substantial real-estate lending and local deposit gathering.
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Banking & Market RegulationResearch Lab
Chapter 11: keeping a business operating while rewriting its financial claims
Chapter 11 lets a company keep operating under court supervision while it rewrites what it owes. The automatic stay, financing orders, creditor votes and the absolute priority rule decide who gets paid, in what order, and who ends up owning the business.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Amalgamated Bank: labor roots, institutional deposits and a new property-credit test
The New York bank built a national niche around unions and mission-driven organizations. Stronger 2026 earnings coexist with a concentrated multifamily credit problem and deposit-cycle risks.
Company & Platform ProfilesResearch Lab
American Electric Power: financing the next electricity buildout
How American Electric Power grew into an 11-state utility system, and how its data-center-driven expansion connects earnings, debt, new capital and customer bills.
Company & Platform ProfilesResearch Lab
CMG Financial: a mortgage company expands through people, products and a separately chartered bank
CMG grew from a California mortgage office into a three-channel lender. Its Homebridge retail acquisition, cash-flow-linked home loan and founder’s bank investment reveal different ways of reaching borrowers, with distinct legal and financial boundaries.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
CNB Bank: one Pennsylvania charter behind a family of local brands
Clearfield’s CNB Bank combines a long institutional history with a multibrand strategy. The ESSA acquisition and a 2026 regulator change make the legal-bank boundary especially important.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Heritage Bank: a Pacific Northwest franchise grows through Kitsap
Olympia’s Heritage Bank expanded through the completed Kitsap acquisition. Its customer transition, deposit franchise and disclosed cybersecurity incident show the different challenges of combining banks.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
LCNB National Bank: from Lebanon’s 1877 charter to a broader Ohio franchise
LCNB National Bank combines southwest Ohio banking roots with business lending and wealth services. A completed Cincinnati acquisition and recent credit losses show why its development cannot be reduced to an earnings headline.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Liberty Bank: two centuries of mutual banking meet a growing loan book
Liberty’s Connecticut roots now support a regional household and business bank. Mutual ownership, expanding lending and an earlier fair-housing settlement help explain both its ambitions and its responsibilities.
Macroeconomics & Public FinanceResearch Lab
Michigan’s finances: stronger reserves, an unresolved audit warning and obligations beyond the budget
Michigan entered FY2027 with stronger rainy-day reserves but mixed revenue signals, while its latest state audit carried a corporate-tax accounting qualification and federal-program compliance warnings.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Redemption Bank: a change of ownership gives a Utah community bank a new mission
The former Holladay Bank & Trust became Redemption Bank after a 2025 acquisition led by Redemption Holding Company. The new owners’ inclusion ambitions sit alongside an existing local deposit franchise and a modest, property-heavy loan book.
Banking & Market RegulationResearch Lab
CFPB reform bill: what H.R. 10184 would change and where it stands
H.R. 10184 would put the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau on annual appropriations, narrow its abusive-practices power, cut its top penalty tier and raise the bank size at which it supervises from $10 billion to $30 billion. A House committee approved it 28–21 on September 16, 2026; it has not reached the House floor.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
BMO Bank: a cross-border-owned U.S. franchise reshaping its footprint
BMO Bank, N.A. combines a large U.S. commercial franchise with household and small-business banking. Its September 2026 branch sale and proposed equipment-finance divestiture make legal-entity boundaries and transaction dates particularly important.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
BNY: financial infrastructure, client assets and fee economics
The economics of custody, asset servicing and institutional cash, including why client-asset growth, fee yield and completed settlement must be assessed separately.
Payment Networks & SettlementResearch Lab
CHIPS: how payment netting saves liquidity without postponing finality
CHIPS combines prefunded settlement positions, payment queues and continuous offsets. The important distinction is between a payment waiting for release and a released payment that is already final.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Evolve Bank & Trust: community lending, embedded payments and the cost of continuity
Evolve combines a regional banking franchise with national payment and account infrastructure. Its public record shows ongoing service offerings, bank-level financial results and important boundaries between marketing, supervisory approvals and customer-fund disputes.
Payments, Data & Privacy LawResearch Lab
Regulation II: debit payment costs, routing competition and bank economics
Interchange limits and routing choice affect different parts of a debit payment’s economics, with consequences for merchants, issuers and customers.
Payments, Data & Privacy LawResearch Lab
Remittance transfers: quoted exchange rates, delivered amounts and customer remedies
A remittance transfer is a promise about money sent, conversion, fees and delivery. Regulation E links those disclosures to cancellation and error-resolution rights, but coverage, permitted estimates and defined exceptions prevent every disappointing transfer from having the same remedy.
Company & Platform ProfilesResearch Lab
Thought Machine: programmable bank records and payments move into production
Thought Machine supplies Vault Core and Vault Payments to financial institutions. Bpifrance’s live deployment shows how those products fit together, while the company’s revenue, recurring-revenue and signed-bank figures measure different stages of the business.
Company & Platform ProfilesResearch Lab
Treasury Prime: the software layer connecting banks with financial apps
Treasury Prime connects financial apps to a network of banks, with account records, payment tools and shared program oversight. Its customer-account and payment-volume figures describe activity across the network, not deposits or revenue belonging to the software company.
Banking & Market RegulationResearch Lab
Community reinvestment: local credit needs, bank performance and the meaning of a CRA rating
The Community Reinvestment Act asks how well banks help meet the credit needs of the places they serve. Banks are still examined under the long-standing 1995-era rules after a court blocked the 2023 overhaul, and the OCC and FDIC have proposed their own narrower revision, with comments due October 13, 2026.
Macroeconomics & Public FinanceResearch Lab
Automatic fiscal stabilizers: what changes before a new law passes
When incomes weaken, tax bills and benefit eligibility can change under rules already in place. Following a household income loss through the budget shows how that cushion works and why a wider deficit is not all new stimulus.
Macroeconomics & Public FinanceResearch Lab
The Survey of Consumer Finances: how the Fed measures family wealth, and why median and mean tell different stories
The Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances combines a national random sample with a tax-record sample of wealthy families to measure what U.S. families own and owe. Following its method, definitions and the 2022-to-2025 results shows why median and mean figures can diverge and why one survey has limits.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
American Express National Bank: card relationships, savings and group economics
The bank supports a broader card and payments business. Spending, lending, deposits and merchant economics are different measures with different drivers.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
B2Bank: a Minnesota community bank moves its headquarters to Utah
B2 kept its Iron Range branches while moving its headquarters to Holladay in July 2026. New leadership and a connection to M1 Finance frame its attempt to combine community banking with a wider digital reach.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Bank of America: from Bank of Italy and NationsBank to a national franchise
How Giannini’s Bank of Italy, NationsBank and later acquisitions built a group spanning deposits, lending, treasury services and Merrill investing.
Consumer-Protection CasesResearch Lab
Bank of America’s mortgage-data case: the questions loan officers did not ask
A 2023 CFPB order addressed inaccurate reporting of mortgage applicants’ demographic information and imposed a $12 million penalty. The agency terminated the order in June 2025 after the bank fulfilled its obligations.
Banking & Market RegulationResearch Lab
Bank outsourcing rules: the 2026 third-party risk proposal, its November 16 comment deadline and what stays in force
On September 11, 2026, four federal banking and credit-union regulators proposed new, shorter guidance on how banks oversee outside companies, with comments due November 16, 2026. The 2023 interagency guidance stays in place until any final version replaces it. A separate statement on community banks' core technology providers, issued the same day by three of the agencies, is already final.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Ally Bank: digital deposits, dealer relationships and vehicle-finance economics
Ally connects savers, vehicle buyers and dealers. Its results depend on distribution costs and deposit funding as well as specialized auto-credit exposure.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Andover Bank: a border-region retail bank broadens its business-lending reach
Andover Bank serves northeast Ohio and northwest Pennsylvania while developing commercial lending through loan-production offices.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Belmont Savings Bank: a mutual serving the Ohio Valley from four Belmont County offices
Belmont Savings Bank remains mutually owned, with a compact Ohio Valley network and a lending business centered on housing and small businesses.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Brighton Bank: a Salt Lake lender with a property-backed business
Brighton Bank combines a five-office Salt Lake County network with commercial and property lending. A February 2026 examination found strong geographic reach but weaker lending across business revenue sizes.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Cache Valley Bank: the Logan lender that expanded through Utah
Cache Valley Bank grew from a 1975 community bank into a Utah-and-southern-Idaho network. Its rescue acquisition of Proficio deposits, pandemic lending and property-backed balance sheet explain that expansion.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Central Bank of Utah: two local banks became a Utah Valley institution
Central Bank traces its history to Springville in 1891 and a 1966 merger with the State Bank of Provo. Its local lending, retirement-custody services and staged Springville rebuilding project carry that history into the present.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
CFBank: a thrift’s recapitalization and shift toward business banking
CFBank traces its roots to an 1892 savings institution. A capital raise after regulatory intervention helped finance a commercial-banking transition that still shapes its loan mix and deposit strategy.
Bank ProfilesResearch Lab
Citizens National Bank of Bluffton: business and agricultural lending across western Ohio
Bluffton-based Citizens National Bank serves households, businesses and farms through nine Ohio offices, with $1.103 billion in assets and a substantial real-estate-secured loan book at June 2026.
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