BANKING · FDIC FAILURES DATA
Bank failures in the United States
When a bank can no longer meet its obligations, its chartering regulator closes it and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation takes over. Usually another bank buys the failed bank’s deposits and some of its loans, and customers keep access to insured deposits. Losses the FDIC cannot recover are charged to the Deposit Insurance Fund, which banks pay for through assessments.
At a glance
The FDIC’s records list 3,524 failures of insured banks and savings institutions since 1934. Failures clustered in the 1930s, the savings and loan and banking crises of the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the 2008–2010 financial crisis; most other years had few or none. The three 2023 failures of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank were among the largest by assets in the FDIC’s records. The most recent failure in the FDIC dataset used here is SMALL BUSINESS BANK (LENEXA, KS), closed .
The FDIC’s failures dataset was last updated on Aug 25, 2026; closures after that date may not appear yet. For example, California closed Nano Banc of Irvine on September 25, 2026. The FDIC’s failed bank list ↗ carries the newest closures.
Failures per year, 1934–2026
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Table: failures by year
| Year | Failures |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 4 |
| 2025 | 2 |
| 2024 | 2 |
| 2023 | 5 |
| 2022 | 0 |
| 2021 | 0 |
| 2020 | 4 |
| 2019 | 4 |
| 2018 | 0 |
| 2017 | 8 |
| 2016 | 5 |
| 2015 | 8 |
| 2014 | 18 |
| 2013 | 24 |
| 2012 | 51 |
| 2011 | 92 |
| 2010 | 157 |
| 2009 | 140 |
| 2008 | 25 |
| 2007 | 3 |
| 2006 | 0 |
| 2005 | 0 |
| 2004 | 4 |
| 2003 | 3 |
| 2002 | 11 |
| 2001 | 4 |
| 2000 | 7 |
| 1999 | 8 |
| 1998 | 3 |
| 1997 | 1 |
| 1996 | 6 |
| 1995 | 8 |
| 1994 | 15 |
| 1993 | 50 |
| 1992 | 179 |
| 1991 | 268 |
| 1990 | 381 |
| 1989 | 530 |
| 1988 | 232 |
| 1987 | 217 |
| 1986 | 162 |
| 1985 | 139 |
| 1984 | 83 |
| 1983 | 50 |
| 1982 | 34 |
| 1981 | 9 |
| 1980 | 10 |
| 1979 | 10 |
| 1978 | 7 |
| 1977 | 5 |
| 1976 | 16 |
| 1975 | 13 |
| 1974 | 4 |
| 1973 | 6 |
| 1972 | 1 |
| 1971 | 6 |
| 1970 | 7 |
| 1969 | 9 |
| 1968 | 3 |
| 1967 | 4 |
| 1966 | 7 |
| 1965 | 5 |
| 1964 | 7 |
| 1963 | 2 |
| 1962 | 1 |
| 1961 | 5 |
| 1960 | 1 |
| 1959 | 3 |
| 1958 | 4 |
| 1957 | 1 |
| 1956 | 2 |
| 1955 | 5 |
| 1954 | 2 |
| 1953 | 2 |
| 1952 | 3 |
| 1951 | 2 |
| 1950 | 4 |
| 1949 | 4 |
| 1948 | 3 |
| 1947 | 5 |
| 1946 | 1 |
| 1945 | 1 |
| 1944 | 2 |
| 1943 | 5 |
| 1942 | 20 |
| 1941 | 15 |
| 1940 | 43 |
| 1939 | 60 |
| 1938 | 74 |
| 1937 | 75 |
| 1936 | 69 |
| 1935 | 25 |
| 1934 | 9 |
Largest failures by assets
Assets are the bank’s total assets in its last quarterly report before it failed, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).
| # | Closed | Bank | Location | Assets | Estimated cost to the fund | Acquirer or resolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WASHINGTON MUTUAL BANK | HENDERSON, NV | $307 billion | $0* | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NA Purchase and assumption | |
| 2 | FIRST REPUBLIC BANK | SAN FRANCISCO, CA | $212.6 billion | $15.5 billion | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. Purchase and assumption | |
| 3 | SILICON VALLEY BANK | SANTA CLARA, CA | $209 billion | $18.7 billion | FIRST-CITIZENS BANK & TRUST COMPANY Purchase and assumption | |
| 4 | SIGNATURE BANK | NEW YORK, NY | $110.4 billion | $0* | FLAGSTAR BANK, N.A. Purchase and assumption | |
| 5 | INDYMAC BANK F.S.B | PASADENA, CA | $30.7 billion | $12 billion | ONEWEST BANK, FSB Purchase and assumption of insured deposits | |
| 6 | COLONIAL BANK | MONTGOMERY, AL | $25.5 billion | $2.4 billion | BB&T Purchase and assumption | |
| 7 | FIRST REPUBLICBANK-DALLAS, N.A. | DALLAS, TX | $17.1 billion | $2 billion | NCNB TEXAS NATIONAL BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| 8 | GUARANTY BANK | AUSTIN, TX | $13.5 billion | $0* | COMPASS BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| 9 | BANK OF NEW ENGLAND, NATIONAL ASSOC | BOSTON, MA | $13.4 billion | $572.6 million | NEW BANK OF NEW ENGLAND, NA Purchase and assumption | |
| 10 | GIBRALTAR SAVINGS, FA | SIMI VALLEY, CA | $13.4 billion | $94.6 million | SECURITY PACIFIC NB, NA Purchase and assumption |
Most recent failures
| Closed | Bank | Location | Assets | Estimated cost to the fund | Acquirer or resolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMALL BUSINESS BANK | LENEXA, KS | $72.9 million | $5.7 million | THE FARMERS STATE BANK OF OAKLEY, KANSAS Purchase and assumption | |
| KENTLAND FS&LA | KENTLAND, IN | $3.8 million | $1.2 million | KENTLAND BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| COMMUNITY BANK AND TRUST - WEST GEORGIA | LAGRANGE, GA | $305.7 million | $97.3 million | ANCHOR BANK Purchase and assumption of insured deposits | |
| METROPOLITAN CAPITAL B&T | CHICAGO, IL | $261.2 million | $19.6 million | FIRST INDEPENDENCE BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| SANTA ANNA NATIONAL BANK | SANTA ANNA, TX | $76.9 million | $9.8 million | COLEMAN COUNTY STATE BANK Purchase and assumption of insured deposits | |
| PULASKI SAVINGS BANK | CHICAGO, IL | $49.5 million | $31.9 million | MILLENNIUM BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| FIRST NB OF LINDSAY | LINDSAY, OK | $107.9 million | $45.1 million | FIRST BANK & TRUST CO. Purchase and assumption of insured deposits | |
| REPUBLIC BANK | PHILADELPHIA, PA | $5.9 billion | $709.6 million | FULTON BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Purchase and assumption | |
| CITIZENS BANK | SAC CITY, IA | $60.4 million | $12.5 million | IOWA TRUST & SAVINGS BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| HEARTLAND TRI-STATE BANK | ELKHART, KS | $139.4 million | $42.7 million | DREAM FIRST BANK,NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Purchase and assumption | |
| FIRST REPUBLIC BANK | SAN FRANCISCO, CA | $212.6 billion | $15.5 billion | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. Purchase and assumption | |
| SIGNATURE BANK | NEW YORK, NY | $110.4 billion | $0* | FLAGSTAR BANK, N.A. Purchase and assumption | |
| SILICON VALLEY BANK | SANTA CLARA, CA | $209 billion | $18.7 billion | FIRST-CITIZENS BANK & TRUST COMPANY Purchase and assumption | |
| ALMENA STATE BANK | ALMENA, KS | $65.7 million | $15.9 million | EQUITY BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| FIRST CITY BANK OF FLORIDA | FORT WALTON BEACH, FL | $136.6 million | $7.2 million | UNITED FIDELITY BANK, FSB Purchase and assumption | |
| THE FIRST STATE BANK | BARBOURSVILLE, WV | $151.8 million | $43.7 million | MVB BANK, INC Purchase and assumption | |
| ERICSON STATE BANK | ERICSON, NE | $100.9 million | $23.3 million | FARMERS AND MERCHANTS BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| CITY NATIONAL BANK OF NEW JERSEY | NEWARK, NJ | $120.6 million | $1.2 million | INDUSTRIAL BANK Purchase and assumption | |
| LOUISA COMMUNITY BANK | LOUISA, KY | $28.2 million | $4.3 million | KENTUCKY FARMERS BANK CORPORATION Purchase and assumption | |
| RESOLUTE BANK | MAUMEE, OH | $23.3 million | $1.6 million | BUCKEYE STATE BANK Purchase and assumption |
How to read these figures
- Estimated cost is the FDIC’s estimate of the loss to the Deposit Insurance Fund, or to the insurance fund that covered the institution at the time, in nominal dollars, as of . Estimates change as the FDIC sells assets and settles claims, so they are not final. * A $0 is the figure the FDIC’s failures data currently records. Some failures show $0 even where the FDIC has announced separate loss estimates, so treat it as the dataset’s entry, not confirmation that the failure cost nothing.
- Acquirer is the institution the FDIC lists as buying deposits or assets. Resolution types are labeled only where the FDIC code has a clear meaning; a purchase and assumption means another bank took over deposits and some assets.
- Names and places appear as the FDIC records them. Bank names link to each institution’s FDIC BankFind record.
- Counts include savings institutions as well as commercial banks, and failures only: open-bank assistance transactions, where a bank was aided without being closed, are excluded.
Read more
- The bank failures of 2023: how SVB, Signature and First Republic fell
- Silicon Valley Bank: from the startup boom to a two-day run
- Signature Bank: the run, the failed funding plan and the breakup
- First Republic: the deposit run that a $30 billion rescue could not stop
- Washington Mutual: the mortgage losses, the run and the sale to JPMorgan
- Continental Illinois in 1984: the bank run behind a landmark rescue
- When a bank fails, its business and its debts can take different paths
- Nano Banc’s failure: the deposit transfer to Sunwest and the receivership left behind
- How healthy are U.S. banks? Industry results from the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile, including problem banks and the Deposit Insurance Fund.
Source & freshness
Source: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, BankFind Suite failures data (API) and the failed bank list. Informational only; not investment or deposit advice.