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Bank funding, liquidity, capital and balance-sheet mechanics explained in context.
Compare banks →Startup cash fueled Silicon Valley Bank’s growth. Falling bond values and a rush of withdrawals brought it down in March 2023, leaving regulators to protect deposits and sell the banking business.
Three U.S. banks failed between March and May 2023. Their customers, assets and rescue attempts differed, but rapid withdrawals exposed weaknesses that had built up before the crisis. A federal judge ruled on August 28, 2026 that SVB’s former parent company cannot recover a $1.71 billion claim against the FDIC.
How a deposit withdrawal or rising funding cost can affect several parts of a bank at once, and why public numbers cannot reveal its confidential supervisory rating.
The Des Moines bank combines family ownership with commercial lending, treasury services and a growing multistate footprint.
A dedicated case study of Credit Suisse’s business model, governance failures, two withdrawal waves, UBS acquisition, public liquidity support and divergent creditor outcomes, with a qualified AT1 litigation status check.
Hanmi combines community relationships, property lending and cross-border services while retaining its California charter.
Federal Reserve lending can bridge a bank’s cash shortfall, but the assets, legal agreements and borrowing process must be ready. Recent changes simplify access while keeping collateral and eligibility requirements in place.
A bank’s deposits and branches can move to a buyer while unresolved claims remain in receivership. Washington Mutual’s long aftermath shows why a quick handover and a creditor’s eventual recovery are different results.
Why a bank can meet minimum capital ratios yet face limits on dividends and buybacks, with examples of ordinary payout rules, stress buffers and parent-company funding.
Policy rates reach depositors unevenly. Beta, timing, account migration, funding competition and asset repricing jointly shape bank margins and customer returns.
A family-owned Montana bank combines agricultural relationships with substantial real-estate lending and local deposit gathering.
First Security’s failed combination with Zions and its 2000 acquisition by Wells Fargo show how shareholder decisions and local competition shaped Utah banking consolidation.
A bank needs cash for immediate withdrawals and dependable funding for assets that last longer. The liquidity coverage ratio and net stable funding ratio measure those different needs, with rules tailored to the institutions they cover.
The 2004 stock-for-stock deal enlarged JPMorgan Chase’s consumer business and brought Jamie Dimon into its leadership. Closing fixed the legal combination; systems conversions and reported cost savings took years.
Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity accounting put market movements in different places. A bond’s price, its promised payments and the bank’s ability to fund it remain separate questions.
A wholesale funding run pushed Continental Illinois into an extraordinary rescue in 1984. Regulators kept the bank open, protected depositors and general creditors, replaced management and took rights to a controlling ownership stake.
A committed revolver gives a company a way to borrow, repay and borrow again. Existing drawings, letters of credit, covenant tests and maturity determine how much of the headline amount is available.
Deferred tax assets connect today’s financial statements with deductions and credits usable later. Their value depends on tax law and realization, while bank capital rules impose a separate test.
Federal Home Loan Banks turn eligible collateral into secured funding for their members. The cash arrives with a repayment obligation, a stock investment and limits that become especially important when funding is under pressure.
First Republic’s affluent clients and long-term mortgages helped build a large banking franchise. When deposits fled in 2023, emergency borrowing and industry support failed to restore it, ending in a receiver-arranged sale to JPMorgan.
A buyer can pay more than the value assigned to a business’s identifiable net assets. Goodwill records the difference. Following that amount through a later write-down explains why profit, cash and tangible equity can tell different stories.
The Federal Reserve’s 2026 test connected an imagined recession to losses, earnings and capital at 32 banks. Following that calculation explains both the result and what it cannot say about forecasts, liquidity or future capital rules.
An origination fee can arrive at closing but enter reported interest income gradually. A worked loan example connects the borrower’s principal, the lender’s cash investment, deferred costs and effective yield.
A project company borrows against the service it will deliver and the cash it expects to collect. Construction contracts, revenue agreements and lender protections connect that promise to repayment, but each solves a different part of the problem.
Selling an invoice can bring payment forward, but fees, reserves and retained obligations determine the result. The customer’s inability to pay is different from a dispute over what the seller delivered.
Signature’s business deposits funded commercial lending and a growing payments network. In March 2023, a rapid run exposed weaknesses in emergency funding, followed by a bridge bank, a partial sale and years of asset recovery.
Troubled mortgages spread through securities, short-term borrowing and bank balance sheets. The resulting run on funding disrupted credit far beyond housing, and reopening markets did not immediately repair borrowers or lenders.
The Fed ended aggregate securities runoff in December 2025 and authorized purchases to maintain ample reserves. That authority is distinct from the purchases actually made and from the decision about interest rates.
An unused line can become a cash demand precisely when funding is hardest to find. Capital factors, available cash and the price of that promise measure different things.
Washington Mutual’s banking business changed hands overnight in September 2008. Its depositors kept access to their money, while separate bank and holding-company estates dealt with investor claims for years.
The ordinary assessment framework codified through October 6, 2026, ties banks’ bills to a balance-sheet base and risk-based rates. Fund reserve ratios and crisis-related assessments measure different things.
Member ownership gives credit unions a different way to share financial value. Their deposits, retained earnings and insurance fund nevertheless do different jobs, especially when the institution grows.
An industrial bank can be owned by a company outside the ordinary bank-holding-company framework, but the insured bank remains regulated. The important boundary is how the bank is protected from, and supported by, its commercial parent.
A custodian turns an investment decision into a settled, recorded and serviced holding. The work explains why trillions of assets under custody are different from assets the bank owns.
A digital banking app may belong to a bank or connect customers to a separate partner bank. That distinction helps explain deposit protection, disruptions and how the business earns money.
A hypothetical $8.8 million month shows how an ABS waterfall pays costs and investors, and how higher losses can cut off the residual holder’s cash.
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