The International Trade Administration is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and promotes U.S. industry competitiveness, trade and investment, and compliance with trade laws and agreements.
Its Trade Finance Guide explains instruments such as export factoring and letters of credit. Those explanations are educational guidance, not a guarantee of payment or the terms of a particular financing contract.
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Factoring exchanges a claim on future customer payments for earlier cash. Its economics depend on timing, fees, invoice disputes and exactly which nonpayment risks the factor accepts.
A documentary letter of credit substitutes a conditional bank payment undertaking for reliance on a buyer alone, leaving documentation, bank, country and performance risks distinct.
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