Related permanent research
Lending & consumer financeResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
Cash-flow underwriting is already used in bank, CDFI, merchant and mortgage workflows. This expanded review maps adopters and motives, separates historical adoption statistics from live coverage, examines predictive and adverse evidence, and explains affordability, operational, economic and governance risks.
Law & regulationResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
The CFPB combines consumer-finance rulemaking, supervision, enforcement, complaints and research. Its statutory role, operational capacity and litigated funding arrangements are distinct questions.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
The terminated order shows how an inaccurate account of data collection can weaken the information used to study mortgage access, compare channels and identify questions for further review.
Law & regulationResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
H.R. 10184 proposes changes to funding, supervision and enforcement. Its commercial effects would depend on the enacted text and whether implementation reduces duplication while preserving effective customer protection.
Law & regulationResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
Executive Order 14393 directs consideration of changes across mortgage finance. Affordability gains depend on implemented measures, competitive pass-through and local housing constraints.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
The Navient case concerns how servicing decisions can change a borrower’s long-run cost without changing the original loan. A September 2024 entered court order imposed redress, a penalty and specific federal-loan restrictions; compensation payments do not themselves cancel student debt.
Law & regulationResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
Dodd-Frank rebuilt financial oversight after the 2007–2009 crisis through systemic-risk monitoring, stronger bank standards, resolution planning, derivatives reform and consumer protection. Later laws, rules and court decisions changed its calibration; the surviving framework is more complex than either an intact-original-law or wholesale-repeal account.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
CashCall’s federal case connects a tribal-law lending structure to state-law enforceability, deceptive collection and the difference between a judgment and money returned to borrowers.
Lending & consumer financeResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
A fixed mortgage rate fixes the financing charge, not the property-tax and insurance bills collected alongside it. Escrow analysis combines a forecast of future bills with a reconciliation of money already collected and spent.
Lending & consumer financeResearch updated Oct 4, 2026
Trading in a vehicle does not erase its unpaid debt. When the payoff exceeds the trade-in value, rolling the difference into another loan transfers old borrowing into the new vehicle’s financing and changes both affordability and collateral coverage.
Law & regulationResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
ATR and QM answer related but distinct questions. Their practical effects reach household budgets, mortgage distribution and the cost of delivering a reliable loan.
Law & regulationResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
The Supreme Court decision changes the treatment of FTC removal protection. Its business significance concerns policy continuity, implementation risk and the value of systems that can adapt without assuming every agency has the same legal status.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
A closed account can leave money inaccessible and service work unfinished. The case connects refund completion with customer liquidity, provider coordination and a credible exit experience.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
The terminated Apple order illustrates how the value of a smooth checkout depends on accurate enrollment and dependable service across the technology-provider and issuer boundary.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
The closed Bilt matter shows why a bank transition’s success includes accurate payments and delivered customer remedies, beyond the technical move to a new provider.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
A payment accommodation helps customers only when the promised treatment reaches servicing and external records; the case connects temporary relief with future financial access.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
The terminated payment-authorization order illustrates why a correct account number is insufficient when the timing, amount or scope of permission belongs to a different agreement.
Regulatory caseResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
The terminated CFPB order highlights a public-service dependency: eligible recipients need a workable route to their funds when payment-account fraud controls interrupt access.
Law & regulationResearch updated Oct 1, 2026
Accurate error resolution supports trust in electronic payments while separating temporary access to money, final liability and recovery from the party responsible.
Law & regulationResearch updated Sep 30, 2026
The 6% cap protects qualifying pre-service obligations. Understand the customer benefit, the extra year for covered mortgages and why forgiven interest cannot become a later charge.
Law & regulationResearch updated Sep 30, 2026
A billing dispute links customer service, statements and merchant records. Understand the statutory process and the difference between withholding a disputed amount and paying the undisputed portion.
Law & regulationResearch updated Sep 30, 2026
Card repricing depends on the applicable exception and balance. A disclosed promotional rate can expire on the remaining promotional balance; that differs from charging interest retroactively.
Law & regulationResearch updated Sep 30, 2026
A clear explanation connects the customer, the decision system and the employee handling follow-up. Specific reasons must reflect the actual decision, whether the process uses rules, models or human judgment.
Law & regulationResearch updated Sep 30, 2026
A payment record can affect future financial decisions. Follow information from the account to the consumer report, and distinguish a closed dispute from a correction that actually reaches its destination.
Lending & consumer financeResearch updated Sep 30, 2026
How limit changes affect utilization, payment access, future borrowing and the economics of a revolving-credit relationship.
Law & regulationResearch updated Sep 30, 2026
Open banking can support financial visibility, account switching, payments and lending. Separate those use cases from the stayed compliance dates, the 2024 rule’s scope and the economics of obtaining usable, permissioned data.
Policy & official records
Curated library records that name Consumer Financial Protection Bureau or connect through its linked research. The official source provides full scope and status.
SBA2026-09-29 · Effective September 29, 2026
Removes specified affirmative-action and disparate-impact provisions and revises the employment provision in SBA’s federally assisted-program regulations. Intentional discrimination remains prohibited; amendments are confined to part 112.
Official record ↗Congress2026-09-16 · Committee-approved substitute
BARR_154 substitute adopted September 16; proposed changes are not current law.
Official record ↗Congress2026-08-31 · Introduced legislation
Introduced text; compare with the subsequently adopted committee substitute.
Official record ↗Supreme Court2026-06-29 · Decided June 29, 2026
FTC commissioner removal protection and presidential control of executive officials.
Official record ↗Supreme Court2026-06-29 · Stay denied June 29, 2026
Federal Reserve governor removal, statutory process and the limits of the stay ruling.
Official record ↗CFPB2026-04-22 · Effective; July 21, 2026
Final amendments addressing disparate impact, discouragement and special-purpose credit programs. The Federal Register specifies July 21, 2026 as the effective date; the CFPB’s current ECOA resource page links this action. Read the amended text when using older fair-lending examination materials.
Official record ↗White House2026-03-13 · Issued; agency action varies
Directs consideration of mortgage, capital, liquidity and process reforms.
Official record ↗CFPB2025-10-29 · Compliance dates stayed
CFPB status page notes the October 29, 2025 stay of compliance dates.
Official record ↗CFPB2025-08-22 · Advance notice
Reconsideration questions on representatives, fees, security and privacy.
Official record ↗CFPB2025-01-17 · Binding consent order issued January 17, 2025; company consented without admitting or denying findings except jurisdiction. Completion of obligations not independently confirmed. Status checked September 28, 2026.
Binding consent order issued January 17, 2025; company consented without admitting or denying findings except jurisdiction. Completion of obligations not independently confirmed. Status checked September 28, 2026.
Official record ↗CFPB2024-10-22 · Compliance dates stayed
Open-banking provisions; read with the compliance-status page and pending reconsideration.
Official record ↗OCC / FDIC / Federal Reserve / NCUA2020-05-20 · Current posted supervisory guidance
Principles for responsibly offering small-dollar credit, with attention to successful repayment, clear terms and sound risk management. Provides product-design context alongside applicable consumer-credit rules.
Official record ↗OCC / FDIC / Federal Reserve / CFPB / NCUA2019-12-03 · Current posted supervisory guidance
Addresses consumer-protection opportunities and risks from alternative underwriting data, including cash-flow data. Encourages analysis of applicable laws and compliance controls before deployment; it does not exempt a model from consumer-protection requirements.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Current text
Consumer transfers, error resolution, unauthorized payments and remittances.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Current text
The mortgage ATR/QM provisions in Regulation Z.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Codified rule
Direct access to billing-error notices, creditor investigation and resolution procedures, and treatment of disputed amounts. Useful for tracing disputes across a bank, servicer and technology partner.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Codified rule
The operational rule for error notices, investigations, provisional credit and resolution communications. Includes exceptions and official interpretations relevant to building an investigation timeline.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Codified rule
Consumer-liability rules for unauthorized electronic fund transfers, including the effect of notice timing and access-device loss. Read alongside error-resolution procedures, rather than treating fraud classification alone as the liability decision.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Codified rule
Notification timing, incomplete applications, specific reasons and business-credit variations under Regulation B. Relevant to automated underwriting and the evidence supporting the reasons given to an applicant.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Codified rule
Scope, notice content, investigation duties and exceptions for disputes sent directly to a furnisher. Helps distinguish direct-dispute workflows from disputes routed through a consumer reporting agency.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Codified rule
Ability-to-pay requirements for opening card accounts and increasing credit limits, including special rules for younger consumers. Separate from the mortgage ability-to-repay and qualified-mortgage framework.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Current text
Authorization, consumer copies, stop-payment rights and other requirements for preauthorized electronic transfers.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Current text
Instructions for collecting and reporting applicant ethnicity, race and sex, including treatment across application methods.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Current text
Requires reasonable written policies and procedures for accuracy and integrity of information furnished to consumer reporting agencies, taking account of the furnisher’s activities and applicable Appendix E guidelines.
Official record ↗CFPBDate not provided · Current text
Rules governing fees for paying ATM and one-time debit-card overdrafts, including affirmative consent and associated disclosures. The section’s scope is narrower than all overdraft transactions.
Official record ↗